通过NFS实现文件共享

一、NFS服务端安装

查询是否有安装nfs服务,没有输出则表示没有安装。

$ rpm -qa | grep nfs

安装nfs只需要安装:

$ yum install -y nfs-utils

nfs依赖rpcbindyum安装会自动解决依赖,安装之后再查询就可以查询到了

$ rpm -qa | grep nfs
nfs-utils-1.2.3-78.el6_10.2.x86_64
nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-13.el6.x86_64

如果要设置开机启动,可以这么操作:

$ chkconfig --level 35 nfs on

到这里安装过程就完成了。

二、NFS服务端启动

查看nfs服务状态:

$ service nfs status
rpc.svcgssd is stopped
rpc.mountd is stopped
nfsd is stopped
rpc.rquotad is stopped

如果这时直接启动nfs,在CentOS 6下会报错:

$ service nfs start
Starting NFS services:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting NFS quotas: Cannot register service: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = Connection refused
rpc.rquotad: unable to register (RQUOTAPROG, RQUOTAVERS, udp).
                                                           [FAILED]
Starting NFS mountd: rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for udp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for tcp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for udp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for tcp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for udp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for tcp6
                                                           [FAILED]
Starting NFS daemon: rpc.nfsd: writing fd to kernel failed: errno 111 (Connection refused)
rpc.nfsd: address family inet6 not supported by protocol TCP
rpc.nfsd: unable to set any sockets for nfsd
                                                           [FAILED]

需要先启动rpcbind

$ service rpcbind status
rpcbind is stopped

$ service rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind:                                          [  OK  ]

然后在启动nfs服务:

$ service nfs start
Starting NFS services:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting NFS quotas:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting NFS mountd: rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for udp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for tcp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for udp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for tcp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for udp6
rpc.mountd: svc_tli_create: could not open connection for tcp6
                                                           [  OK  ]
Starting NFS daemon: rpc.nfsd: address family inet6 not supported by protocol TCP
                                                           [  OK  ]
Starting RPC idmapd:                                       [  OK  ]

查看状态:

$ service nfs status
rpc.svcgssd is stopped
rpc.mountd (pid 27786) is running...
nfsd (pid 27806 27805 27804 27803 27802 27801 27800 27799) is running...
rpc.rquotad (pid 27769) is running...

三、NFS服务端配置

配置文件在/etc/exports,配置文件的格式是:

/PATH/TO/DIR HOST([OPTIONS])

如,

$ cat /etc/exports
/data/logs 172.16.0.20(rw,async,no_root_squash)

其中:/data/logs表示共享目录,172.16.0.20表示共享给指定IP,括号内为nfs共享的相关参数。

文件编辑后可以通过exportfs -v校验,通过exportfs -r重新加载。

3.1 Client设置

1、共享给所有主机

/data/logs *(sync)

2、共享给特定IP段,共享给172.16.0.*的机器。IP也可以写成:172.16.0.0/24

/data/logs 172.16.0.0/255.255.255.0(sync)

3、共享给多主机,共享给172.16.0.*172.16.1.*

/data/logs 172.16.0.0/255.255.255.0(sync)
/data/logs 172.16.1.0/255.255.255.0(sync)

3.2 OPTIONS参数说明:

选项 说明
rw 读写访问
ro 只读访问
root_squash 把客户端root账号当普通用户对待(默认)
no_root_squash 客户端root具有超级权限
all_squash 共享文件的UIDGID映射匿名用户anonymous,适合公用目录
no_all_squash 保留共享文件的UIDGID(默认)
sync 同步写入,有修改时同步写入
async 可以异步写入,通常可以提升性能,但数据没有实时落地,有异常时可能有丢失。

关于root_squash说明:

$ cat /etc/exports
/data/test 172.16.60.7(sync,rw,root_squash)
$ exportfs -v
/data/test    	172.16.0.30(rw,wdelay,root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,root_squash,no_all_squash)

挂载之后,客户端root账号创建的文件属于nfsnobody,如果服务端nfsnobody没有test目录权限,那么客户端root用户也无法写入,即把客户端root用户当普通用户看待。

如果调整为no_root_squash,则root相当于有超级用户的权限,可以创建文件,同时创建的文件所有者为root

配置完成之后重新加载exports文件:

$ exportfs -r

四、客户端挂载

客户端也需要安装yum install -y nfs-utils,挂载命令是:

$ mount -t nfs 172.16.0.10:/data/logs/ /data/logs/

查看挂载情况:

$ df -Th
Filesystem           Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1            ext4    40G   11G   27G  30% /
tmpfs                tmpfs  7.8G   16K  7.8G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/vdb1            ext4   985G  679G  257G  73% /data
172.16.0.10:/data/logs/
                     nfs    985G  349G  586G  38% /data/logs

如果要取消挂载:

 $ umount 172.16.0.10:/data/logs

也可以通过编辑/etc/fstab文件实现客户端开机自动挂载:

172.16.0.10:/data/logs /data/logs   nfs    defaults        0  0
-- EOF --
最后更新于: 2024-08-17 14:44
发表于: 2018-09-02 09:06
标签: 运维