运维自动化工具 - Ansible(1)

一、关于Ansible

Ansible是一款自动化运维工具,基于Python开发,与Salt不同的是Ansible属于无Agent的实现方式。

1.1 安装

# 下载epel源
$ curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
# 安装
$ yum install -y ansible

安装之后就可以通过密码访问网络内的节点:

$ ansible 192.168.88.100 -m ping --ask-pass
$ ansible 192.168.88.100 -m command -a 'pwd' --ask-pass

添加公钥之后就可以去掉密码部分。

$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.88.100
$ ansible 192.168.88.100 -m command -a 'pwd'

1.2 清单 - Inventory

Inventory - 清单, 用来配置需要管理的主机列表,默认配置文件在/etc/ansible/hosts,可以通过-i来指定使用不同的主机清单。

$ ansible -i www.ini all -m ping

下面示例定义了2个组,组的名称分别是group1group2,每个组包含2台机器,其中group1是直接定义的IP,group2给主机定义了2个别名。

192.168.88.88

[group1]
192.168.88.100
192.168.88.101

[group2]
alias200 ansible_host=192.168.88.200
alias201 ansible_host=192.168.88.201 ansible_port=22 ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456

系统也有两个默认组名:allungrouped,分别表示所有和没有分组的主机清单。

1.3 基本使用

了解了上面两点基本就可以通过ansible进行日常主机管理了,基本用法:

$ ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts all -m command -a 'free -m'

如果需要查看特定模块的文档可以ansible-doc查看,后面的章节都是基本模块的用法。

$ ansible-doc -s [module]

二、执行命令

2.1 command

默认模块,可省略。

$ ansible test -m command -a 'ls'

2.2 shell

执行被控制机上的命令。

$ ansible test -m shell -a 'ls'

2.3 script

执行控制机上的脚本。

Description:

- name: Runs a local script on a remote node after transferring it
  script:
    chdir:
    cmd:
    creates:
    decrypt:
    free_form:
    removes:

Usage:

$ ansible test -m script -a '/root/1.sh'

三、用户模块

3.1 user

Description:

- name: Manage user accounts
  user:
    name:  (required) Name of the user to create, remove or modify.
    group: Optionally sets the user's primary group (takes a group name).
    comment: Optionally sets the description (aka `GECOS') of user account.
    home: Optionally set the user's home directory.
    state:  Whether the account should exist or not, taking action if the state is different from what is stated.

Usage:

$ ansible test -m user -a 'name=peng'

3.2 group

Description:

- name: Add or remove groups
  group:
    name: (required) Name of the group to manage.
    state: Whether the group should be present or not on the remote host.

Usage:

$ ansible test -m group -a 'name=mysql'

四、文件模块

4.1 file

Description:

- name: Manage files and file properties
  file:
    state:
      - file:即使文件不存在,也不会被创建
      - link:创建软连接;
      - hard:创建硬连接;
      - touch:如果文件不存在,则会创建一个新的文件,如果文件或目录已存在,则更新其最后修改时间
      - absent:删除目录、文件或者取消链接文件

Usage::

$ ansible test -m file -a 'path=/root/file.md owner=root group=root mode=644 state=touch'

4.2 copy

Description:

- name: Copy files to remote locations
  copy:
    src: Local path to a file to copy to the remote server.
    dest: (required) Remote absolute path where the file should be

Usage::

$ ansible test -m copy -a 'src=./www.ini dest=/tmp/ owner=root group=root mode=644'

4.3 fetch

Description:

- name: Fetch files from remote nodes
  fetch:
    src: (required) The file on the remote system to fetch.
    dest: (required) A directory to save the file into.

Usage:

$ ansible test -m fetch -a 'src=/root/file.md dest=/tmp/'

4.4 synchronize

Description:

- name: A wrapper around rsync to make common tasks in your playbooks quick and easy
  synchronize:
    src: # (required) Path on the source host that will be synchronized
    dest: # (required) Path on the destination host that will be

Usage:

$ ansible test -m synchronize -a 'src=/root/test dest=/home/peng'

4.5 unarchive

Description:

- name: Unpacks an archive after (optionally) copying it from the local machine.
  unarchive:
    copy:在解压文件之前,是否先将文件复制到远程主机,默认为yes。若为no,则要求目标主机上压缩包必须存在。
    src: 如果copy为yes,则需要指定压缩文件的源路径 
    dest: 远程主机上的一个路径,即文件解压的路径 

Usage:

$ ansible test -m unarchive -a 'src=/root/test.tar.gz dest=/home/peng copy=yes'

五、服务相关

5.1 yum

Description:

- name: Manages packages with the `yum' package manager
  yum:
    name:  A package name or package specifier with version, like `name-1.0'.

Usage:

$ ansible test -m yum -a 'name=nginx'

5.2 service

Description:

- name: Manage services
  service:
    name: (required) Name of the service.

Usage:

$ ansible test -m service -a 'name=nginx enabled=yes state=started'

5.3 cron

管理被管理机上的Crontab。

Description:

- name: Manage cron.d and crontab entries
  cron:

Usage:

$ ansible test -m cron -a 'name="Test" minute="*/10" job="/bin/echo Hello"'

5.4 pip

Description:

- name: Manages Python library dependencies
  pip:

5.5 setup

获取被管理机器的资源信息,比如CPU、内存等。

Description:

- name: Gathers facts about remote hosts
  setup:

Usage:

$ ansible test -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_memory_mb'

-- EOF --
最后更新于: 2024-08-17 14:44
发表于: 2021-09-12 08:50
标签: 运维